Habeas corpus translates to "that you have the body". In a court of law habeas corpus is used as a term for bringing a detainee into the court room to determine if their sentence or ruling is fair. This term was first used in 1215 in the Magna Carta which said, "No man shall be arrested or imprisoned...except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land." While the translation does not make perfect sense, it has been used for so long that it may have made sense back then. It is an amazing thing for peers to have a say in another peer's punishment, as having someone of the same authority as you weigh in seems far more fair.
-Alyssa Norman
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus
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